StocksInsight

VMC Stock vs the S&P 500: Returns, Risk and Crash History

Vulcan Materials Company, basic materials (market value $36.5 billion), an S&P 500 member: how it compared with the S&P 500, how it behaved in every crash since 2008, its risk‑adjusted returns and what analysts said. Returns to Oct 30, 2026; analyst data as of Nov 9, 2026.

Published Updated 4 min readHow we research

What changed since Nov 2

Exent re-checks this page every day. Ratings appear 30 days after they are published; the top‑ranked analysts’ calls are not counted here, they are in Gems.

+2 new ratings63% Buy ratings (was 65%)

Key takeaways

  • VMC returned +53.9% over the 5 years to Oct 30, 2026 versus +75.9% for the S&P 500: it lagged the index.
  • Its 5-year Sharpe ratio was 0.32 against 0.58 for the S&P 500.
  • Its deepest crisis drawdown was −62.9% in the global financial crisis (2007–09) (S&P 500: −56.5%).
  • Five‑year volatility was 26.0% and beta 0.98.
  • 17 analysts rated it in the past year; 63% of their latest calls were Buy.
  • VMC beat earnings estimates in 6 of its last 12 reports; the stock moved 4.4% on average, up or down, around each report.

What do the best‑ranked analysts on VMC say now? See it in Exent Gems →

Did VMC beat the S&P 500?

Over the 5 years to Oct 30, 2026, Vulcan Materials Company (VMC) returned +53.9% including dividends, versus +75.9% for the S&P 500 (SPY). It lagged the index by 22.0 percentage points, or +9.0% a year against +12.0%.

PeriodVMCS&P 500VMC per yearS&P 500 per yearResult
1 year−2.1%+12.0%−2.1%+12.0%Lagged
3 years+46.4%+87.4%+13.5%+23.3%Lagged
5 years+53.9%+75.9%+9.0%+12.0%Lagged
10 years+170.8%+316.3%+10.5%+15.3%Lagged
  • 1 year
    VMC
    −2.1%
    S&P 500
    +12.0%
    VMC per year
    −2.1%
    S&P 500 per year
    +12.0%
    Result
    Lagged
  • 3 years
    VMC
    +46.4%
    S&P 500
    +87.4%
    VMC per year
    +13.5%
    S&P 500 per year
    +23.3%
    Result
    Lagged
  • 5 years
    VMC
    +53.9%
    S&P 500
    +75.9%
    VMC per year
    +9.0%
    S&P 500 per year
    +12.0%
    Result
    Lagged
  • 10 years
    VMC
    +170.8%
    S&P 500
    +316.3%
    VMC per year
    +10.5%
    S&P 500 per year
    +15.3%
    Result
    Lagged

Total return with dividends reinvested, from month-end prices to Oct 30, 2026. Beating the index on raw return is only half the story: the next section adjusts for the risk taken. See also how to beat the S&P 500.

VMC is in the S&P 500 (members as of Oct 20, 2026); the list shows every member’s return against the index.

What Wall Street analysts say about VMC

In the 12 months to 30 days ago, 17 analysts published 151 ratings on VMC. Their latest calls were 63% Buy, 31% Hold and 6% Sell. 9 of them rank 4★ or higher in Exent’s analyst scoring, which is based on each analyst’s past price‑target hit rate and returns.

The consensus 12‑month price target was $290.33 (range $249.00–$326.00), +1.1% from the last price. Remember that the average analyst’s target is hit only about half the time: how accurate are price targets?

Top‑ranked analyst coveringFirmStarsPrice‑target hit rate
Brent ThielmanOppenheimer5.0★67.0%
Patrick BrownRaymond James5.0★55.1%
Brian BrophyStifel Nicolaus4.8★77.9%
Philip NgJefferies4.8★47.0%
Keith HughesTruist Financial4.8★66.3%

Other analysts covering VMC: Garik Shmois · Adam Seiden · Michael Feniger

Ratings are shown with a 30‑day delay. Who the top‑ranked analysts on VMC are, their live calls and the median target of only the top‑rated analysts are in Exent Gems.

The average analyst’s target is reached about 53.1% of the time; Exent Gems is built on the top 50 of Exent’s ranking,where some reached 90% or more over the last two years. Unlock the top 50 analysts.

VMC returns by year vs the S&P 500

VMC beat the S&P 500 in 4 of the 9 full calendar years shown.

YearVMCS&P 500Difference
2026 (to Oct 30, 2026)−0.8%+11.7%−12.5%
2025+11.7%+17.7%−6.0%
2024+14.1%+24.9%−10.8%
2023+30.8%+26.2%+4.6%
2022−14.9%−18.2%+3.3%
2021+41.1%+28.7%+12.4%
2020+4.1%+18.3%−14.2%
2019+47.1%+31.2%+15.9%
2018−22.3%−4.6%−17.7%
2017+3.4%+21.7%−18.3%

VMC risk-adjusted returns: Sharpe, Sortino and volatility

Over 5 years, VMC had a Sharpe ratio of 0.32 against 0.58 for the S&P 500, so it earned less return per unit of risk than the index. Its annualized volatility was 26.6% and its beta 0.98: it tended to move about 1.0× as much as the market.

MetricVMCS&P 500
Annual return+9.0%+12.0%
Volatility (annualized)26.6%15.5%
Sharpe ratio0.320.58
Sortino ratio0.510.91
Max drawdown (month-end)−31.2%−23.9%
Beta to the S&P 5000.981.00

Sharpe divides return above cash by total volatility; Sortino counts only downside volatility. Both use monthly returns and the 1–3 month T‑bill ETF (BIL) as the risk‑free rate.

How VMC behaved in past crashes

VMC’s deepest fall in the crises below was −62.9% in the global financial crisis (2007–09), against −56.5% for the S&P 500. The last column turns that into money: what a $100,000 position would have lost from peak to trough.

CrisisVMCS&P 500Loss on $100,000
Global financial crisis (2007–09)−62.9%−56.5%−$62,850
2018 trade-war selloff−27.1%−20.2%−$27,130
COVID crash (Feb–Mar 2020)−43.6%−34.1%−$43,580
2022 inflation bear market−32.8%−25.4%−$32,810
2025 tariff selloff−16.6%−19.0%−$16,630
WindowVMC max drawdown
Last 1 year−22.0%
Last 3 years−24.4%
Last 5 years−32.5%
Last 10 years−49.5%

Peak‑to‑trough declines from daily prices inside each crisis window. A crash replay does not predict the next crisis; it shows how much room a holding needs. Run the same replay on a whole portfolio with the crash test.

What moves with VMC, and what doesn’t

Correlation runs from −1 (moves opposite) to +1 (moves in lockstep). Over the last 60 months of monthly returns, VMC’s correlation with the S&P 500 was 0.57, with the Nasdaq‑100 0.47, with long Treasuries (TLT) 0.38 and with gold (GLD) 0.16.

Adding a 5% VMC position to an S&P 500 portfolio would have moved its 5‑year volatility from 15.5% to 15.5%.

Least correlated large capsCorrelationMost correlated large capsCorrelation
T−0.12LOW0.75
FTNT−0.07HD0.69
REGN−0.03CSX0.62
CRWD−0.03PH0.61
DELL−0.01APH0.54

Holdings that are highly correlated behave like one position in a selloff. See how to find hidden overlap.

Latest VMC upgrades, downgrades and price‑target changes

DateRating and targetAnalyst
Oct 28Target cut
Buy
Target $320, was $333
Brian Brophy
Stifel Nicolaus
Oct 16Target cut
Buy
Target $308, was $320
Patrick Brown
Raymond James
Oct 9Target cut
Hold
Target $256, was $300
Anthony Codling
RBC Capital
Oct 8Target cut
Buy
Target $326, was $349
Steven Fisher
UBS
Oct 5Target cut
Sell
Target $249, was $254
Timna Tanners
Wells Fargo
Sep 9Downgrade
Hold → Sell
Target $254, was $305
Timna Tanners
Wells Fargo

Named analysts’ rating and price‑target changes on VMC in the 5 weeks to Oct 12, 2026, shown 30 days after publication (the free analysts’ calls 3 days after). The top‑ranked analysts’ calls are in Exent Gems. See all of the latest analyst upgrades and downgrades.

Do analysts get VMC right?

Of the 305 analyst price targets on VMC set from 2019 until a year ago, 78.4% were reached within 12 months (data to Oct 20, 2026), 9.8 points above the 68.6% hit rate of the median stock in Exent’s study of 794 stocks. Targets that were reached took a median of 95 days. The median target sat 14.5% above the share price on the day it was set.

Where analysts said VMC would be by now: a year ago, 7 analysts had a price target on VMC, and the median of their latest targets was $330.00. On Oct 20, 2026 VMC closed at $261.95, 20.6% below it.

78.4%of targets reached within 12 monthsMedian stock: 68.6%
95 daysmedian time to reach a target
−20.6%price now vs the median target set a year ago
AfterCallsMove on the call3 months vs S&P 500
Upgrades of VMC20+1.7%+1.9%
Upgrades, all stocks11,514+2.5%+3.4%
Downgrades of VMC17−1.6%−3.4%
Downgrades, all stocks10,700−3.0%−1.6%

The move on the call runs from the close before the rating change to the close after it; the last column is the stock’s return minus the S&P 500’s over the next three months. Averages of rating changes on VMC through Sep 15, 2026; analysts are not named here. Do analyst upgrades move stocks?

How VMC moves after earnings

VMC beat the consensus earnings‑per‑share estimate in 6 of its last 12 quarterly reports, through the one on Jul 29, 2026, and the revenue estimate in 7 of 12. From the close before each report to the close after it, the stock moved 4.4% on average, up or down, against 6.8% for the average report across the 1,002 US stocks Exent tracks. It rose after 6 of the 12 reports. In 3 of the 6 beats the stock still fell.

6/12earnings beats
±4.4%average move per report
6/12reports followed by a rise
ReportEPS vs estimateRevenue vs estimateStock move
Jul 29, 2026$2.59 vs $2.46+0.7%−6.0%
Apr 29, 2026$1.35 vs $1.10+7.1%+3.5%
Feb 17, 2026$1.70 vs $2.11−2.3%−8.6%
Oct 30, 2025$2.84 vs $2.73+0.7%−1.9%
Jul 31, 2025$2.45 vs $2.53−4.6%+0.8%
Apr 30, 2025$1.00 vs $0.76−1.2%+7.4%
Feb 18, 2025$2.17 vs $1.79+2.3%−2.0%
Oct 30, 2024$2.22 vs $2.30+0.2%+5.5%

Reported earnings per share against the consensus estimate, revenue surprise in percent, and the stock’s price change over the two sessions around the report. How stocks move after earnings

Where VMC’s revenue comes from

In fiscal 2025 (the year to Dec 31, 2025), VMC’s largest reported region was Gulf Coast, with 43.7% of its $8.4 billion revenue. By region: Gulf Coast 43.7%; East 29.1%; West 27.2%.

By business, the largest segment was Aggregates, with 74.6% of $8.4 billion revenue (+5.8% on the year before).

  • Gulf Coast43.7%
  • East29.1%
  • West27.2%
SegmentRevenueShareGrowth
Aggregates$6.3 billion74.6%+5.8%
Asphalt$1.3 billion15.3%+3.9%
Concrete$846.6 million10.0%+29.5%

From VMC’s annual filings; segment growth compares fiscal 2025 with the year before. Regions are as each company reports them, so one company’s “Asia Pacific” is not another’s. China counts the regions a company reports as China, Greater China or Hong Kong; a separately reported Taiwan is not counted. Which S&P 500 companies depend most on China?

Members of Congress who traded VMC

As of Oct 20, 2026, 11 members of Congress had disclosed 32 trades in VMC (15 buys and 17 sales) in STOCK Act disclosures filed with the House and Senate. The latest public trade is dated Aug 10, 2026.

Trade dateMemberTypeAmount
Aug 10, 2026Ro KhannaSale$1,001–$15,000
May 1, 2026Ro KhannaBuy$1,001–$15,000
Apr 29, 2026Michael McCaulSale$1,001–$15,000
Apr 13, 2026Ro KhannaBuy$1,001–$15,000
Jan 29, 2026Ro KhannaSale$1,001–$15,000
Oct 27, 2025Michael McCaulSale$1,001–$15,000
Jun 16, 2025Michael McCaulSale$1,001–$15,000
Jun 6, 2025Valerie HoyleSale$1,001–$15,000
Mar 21, 2025Michael McCaulBuy$15,001–$50,000
Oct 29, 2024Valerie HoyleBuy$1,001–$15,000

Amounts are the ranges members report, not exact values. The STOCK Act gives members up to 45 days to disclose a trade, so trades appear weeks after they are made. See every member’s disclosed trades

2 trades in VMC disclosed in the last 30 days are in Exent Radar.

Are VMC insiders buying or selling?

In the 12 months to Oct 20, 2026, VMC insiders made no open‑market purchases and 18 sales worth $15.0 million, according to SEC Form 4 filings. The last open‑market purchase on record was on May 14, 2021.

After the 5 insider purchases of $10,000 or more since 2012, VMC beat the S&P 500 by an average of 12.5 percentage points over the next 12 months; 80% of them were followed by a beat. Across all 17,865 insider purchases in Exent’s study, the average was +17.2% and the median +1.0% against the index.

Q4 ’24
Q1 ’25
Q2 ’25
Q3 ’25
Q4 ’25
Q1 ’26
Q2 ’26
Q3 ’26
DateInsiderRoleValue
May 14, 2021Anderson Melissa H.Director$95,730
Mar 17, 2020Steiner David PDirector$465,000
Nov 6, 2018Hill J ThomasDirector, officer: Chairman, President & CEO$57,726
Aug 25, 2015Teter Jason PPresident, S&GC Division$20,027
May 7, 2015Khan Ejaz AVP, Controller & CIO$0

The table lists the latest open‑market purchases on record, leaving out the last 30 days. The chart counts Form 4 purchases and sales by calendar quarter. Purchases are open‑market buys; sales include planned sales under 10b5‑1 trading plans. Do insider buys beat the market?

How much of VMC is sold short?

As of the Sep 30, 2026 settlement date, 4.11% of VMC’s float was sold short: 5.3 million shares, or 3.7 days of average trading volume to cover. A year earlier (Oct 15, 2025) it was 2.97%. The median across the 997 US stocks Exent tracks was 4.77%, so VMC is less heavily shorted than most.

  • Apr 30, 20263.42%
  • May 29, 20263.88%
  • Jun 30, 20264.65%
  • Jul 31, 20264.74%
  • Aug 31, 20264.34%
  • Sep 30, 20264.11%

From FINRA short‑interest reports, filed twice a month; the bars show the short share of the float at each month‑end. Days to cover divides the shares short by the average daily volume. The most shorted stocks

How many institutions own VMC?

At the end of Q2 2026 (Jun 30, 2026), 1,094 institutions reported holding VMC in 13F filings, up 34 from the quarter before and up from 986 a year earlier. Their reported holdings add up to 99.1% of VMC’s shares. In the quarter 528 institutions added to their positions and 375 cut them.

1,09413F holders
141new positions
102positions closed
99.1%of shares held by 13F filers

Investment managers with over $100 million in US equities file 13F reports within 45 days of each quarter end, so this is the latest complete quarter. Holdings can add up to more than 100% when shares are lent and counted twice. Which stocks institutions are buying and selling

Is VMC diluting shareholders?

VMC’s diluted share count fell 1.0% over the five fiscal years to fiscal 2025 and fell 0.9% in fiscal 2025 alone. Each share now owns a larger slice of the company. The median change across the 1,005 US stocks Exent tracks was −0.1%.

Stock‑based compensation was $63.1 million in fiscal 2025, 0.8% of revenue. VMC spent $438.4 million buying back shares, a buyback yield of 1.23% of its market value; stock pay equaled 14.4% of the buybacks.

−0.9%share count, 1 year
−1.0%share count, 5 years
0.8%stock pay as % of revenue
1.23%buyback yield

Weighted‑average diluted shares from VMC’s annual income statements; stock‑based compensation and buybacks from its cash‑flow statement. Stock dilution and stock‑based compensation, explained

VMC financial health scores

In Exent’s Oct 20, 2026 snapshot, VMC’s Altman Z‑score was 3.97, in the safe zone (where 465 of the 794 non‑financial US stocks Exent tracks sit). Its Piotroski F‑score was 8 out of 9; 20% of scored stocks reach 8 or more.

3.97Altman Z‑score: safe zone
8/9Piotroski F‑score

The Altman Z‑score combines five balance‑sheet and earnings ratios into one bankruptcy‑risk score: below 1.81 is the distress zone, 1.81–2.99 grey, above 2.99 safe. It is not meaningful for banks, insurers and REITs. The Piotroski F‑score counts nine yes/no tests of profitability, leverage and efficiency; 8–9 is strong, 0–2 weak. Both come from the latest annual statements. Which stocks have the highest bankruptcy risk?

What VMC talks about on earnings calls

On its latest earnings call (Jul 29, 2026), VMC’s executives and analysts did not mention AI, against 0 on the call before (Apr 29, 2026); the average across 455 S&P 500 calls that quarter was 12.9. After AI, the most mentioned topic was data centers (14). Tariffs and recession did not come up.

MentionsJul ’26Apr ’26Feb ’26Oct ’25
AI0000
AI agents0000
Data centers1418209
Tariffs0011
China0000
Recession0000
  • AI
    Jul ’26
    0
    Apr ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Oct ’25
    0
  • AI agents
    Jul ’26
    0
    Apr ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Oct ’25
    0
  • Data centers
    Jul ’26
    14
    Apr ’26
    18
    Feb ’26
    20
    Oct ’25
    9
  • Tariffs
    Jul ’26
    0
    Apr ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    1
    Oct ’25
    1
  • China
    Jul ’26
    0
    Apr ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Oct ’25
    0
  • Recession
    Jul ’26
    0
    Apr ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Oct ’25
    0

Word counts in the full transcript of each call, prepared remarks and Q&A, newest first. “AI” also counts generative AI and large language models; “AI agents” counts agentic AI. Which companies talk most about AI?

Which ETFs hold VMC?

As of Oct 20, 2026, 48 of the 304 ETFs Exent tracks held VMC. Its largest weight is in XLB (State Street Materials Select Sector SPDR ETF), at 4.88% of the fund.

ETFFundWeight of VMC
XLBState Street Materials Select Sector SPDR ETF4.88%
PAVEGlobal X U.S. Infrastructure Development ETF1.92%
VOTVanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund0.75%
IFRAiShares U.S. Infrastructure ETF0.34%
IWSiShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF0.33%
VOVanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund ETF Shares0.31%
IWRiShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF0.25%
RSPInvesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF0.21%

Owning several of these funds stacks the same position. How much do VOO, QQQ and VTI overlap?

How much is VMC’s CEO paid?

J. Thomas Hill, VMC’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, received total pay of $14.7 million for fiscal 2025, up 14.3% from $12.9 million for fiscal 2024, according to the company’s proxy statement filed with the SEC on Mar 24, 2026. 67% of it came as stock and option awards, valued when they were granted rather than when they pay out. The median CEO pay across the 378 S&P 500 companies Exent tracks was $17.2 million, so VMC’s CEO earned less than most.

Pay componentAmountShare of total
Salary$1.2 million8.4%
Stock and option awards$9.9 million67.2%
Incentive plan (cash)$3.0 million20.7%
Other$559,0053.8%
Other top executivesRoleTotal pay, 2025
Thompson S. Baker,President$8.4 million
Ronnie A. PruittChief Operating Officer$5.2 million
David P. ClementSenior Vice President$4.2 million
Mary Andrews CarlisleSenior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer$3.8 million

Figures from the summary compensation table of the proxy statement; awards count at their grant‑date value, so one large multi‑year grant can make a single year stand out. CEO pay across the S&P 500

The right benchmark for VMC

Exent matches every holding to the index with the most similar risk. For VMC that is SPY (the S&P 500). Comparing a holding with an index that carries very different risk makes good results look bad and risky ones look clever. Read why the S&P 500 is the wrong benchmark for most portfolios.

Other basic materials stocks

TickerName5‑year returnVolatility (5y)
SCCOSouthern Copper Corporation+298.2%39.3%
NEMNewmont Corporation+126.5%37.8%
FCXFreeport-McMoRan Inc.+77.5%45.1%
ECLEcolab Inc.+44.2%24.1%
SHWThe Sherwin-Williams Company+9.9%26.1%
APDAir Products and Chemicals, Inc.+19.8%26.6%
NUENucor Corporation+163.8%37.7%
AUAngloGold Ashanti plc+394.7%50.1%

Data and methodology

Returns are total returns from month‑end adjusted closing prices (dividends reinvested) through Oct 30, 2026. Crisis drawdowns and trailing maximum drawdowns use daily prices. Analyst coverage counts ratings published in the last 12 months, shown with a 30‑day delay. Full method: Exent methodology.

Company data as of Oct 20, 2026. The move around an earnings report runs from the close before it to the close after it; a price target counts as hit when the stock closed at or beyond it within 12 months (Exent analyst data). Revenue by region and segment, share counts and executive pay come from company filings; insider trades from SEC Form 4, short interest from FINRA, institutional ownership from 13F filings, Congress trades from STOCK Act disclosures filed with the House and Senate, federal contracts from USAspending.gov. Filings from the last 30 days are shown as counts only.

Past performance does not guarantee future results. Historical figures are calculated by Exent from market data and are for education only; they are not investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security.

Check VMC with Exent Gems

Wall Street’s average VMC price target is 1.1% above the latest share price. See what the best‑ranked analysts on VMC say now in Exent Gems.

  1. Exent ranks Wall Street analysts by their past price‑target hit rate and returns, and keeps the best‑ranked few.
  2. Gems shows who the top‑ranked analysts covering VMC are, their live calls and the median target of only the top‑rated analysts.
  3. Gems flags the stocks where several top‑ranked analysts agree: a starting point for your own research, not a promise.

Exent is our product. Educational content, not investment advice.

Frequently asked questions

No. VMC returned +170.8% (+10.5% a year) over the 10 years to Oct 30, 2026, versus +316.3% (+15.3% a year) for the S&P 500, including dividends.

Yes. As of Oct 20, 2026, VMC (Vulcan Materials Company) is one of the 503 stocks in the S&P 500.

VMC fell −62.9% from peak to trough during the global financial crisis (2007–09), versus −56.5% for the S&P 500.

VMC fell −43.6% from peak to trough during the covid crash (feb–mar 2020), versus −34.1% for the S&P 500.

VMC fell −32.8% from peak to trough during the 2022 inflation bear market, versus −25.4% for the S&P 500.

Over the 5 years to Oct 30, 2026, VMC’s Sharpe ratio was 0.32 and its Sortino ratio 0.51, versus 0.58 and 0.91 for the S&P 500.

VMC’s 5‑year annualized volatility was 26.0%, higher than the S&P 500’s 17.0%, with a beta of 0.98.

Among large US stocks, the lowest correlations with VMC over the last 60 months were T (−0.12), FTNT (−0.07), REGN (−0.03). Its correlation with long Treasuries (TLT) was 0.38 and with gold (GLD) 0.16.

VMC beat the consensus earnings-per-share estimate in 6 of its last 12 quarterly reports through Jul 29, 2026, and the revenue estimate in 7 of 12. The stock moved 4.4% on average, up or down, from the close before each report to the close after it.

J. Thomas Hill, VMC’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, received $14.7 million in total pay for fiscal 2025, including a $1.2 million salary and $9.9 million in stock and option awards valued at grant, according to the proxy statement filed with the SEC on Mar 24, 2026. The median S&P 500 CEO received $17.2 million.

Yes. As of Oct 20, 2026, 11 members of Congress had disclosed 32 trades in VMC (15 buys and 17 sales) in STOCK Act disclosures filed with the House and Senate.

As of the Sep 30, 2026 settlement date, 4.11% of VMC’s float was sold short (5.3 million shares, 3.7 days to cover), according to FINRA short-interest reports. A year earlier it was 2.97%.

No. VMC’s diluted share count fell 1.0% over the five fiscal years to fiscal 2025 and fell 0.9% in the latest year. Stock-based compensation was 0.8% of revenue, and buybacks totaled $438.4 million.

What do the best‑ranked analysts say on VMC now?

Exent ranks Wall Street analysts by their track record. Gems shows who the top‑ranked analysts on VMC are, their latest calls and the stocks where several of them agree.

See this week’s GemsLimited offer$1.95 for full access· full access

Educational content, not investment advice. Examples are illustrative; past performance does not guarantee future results.

DISCLAIMER: Exent AI is an informational research platform and does not provide investment advice, financial advice, or act as an investment adviser, broker-dealer, or fiduciary. All content, analytics, and model outputs are provided for educational and informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any financial instrument. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Exent AI does not execute trades, hold customer funds, or provide brokerage services. Past performance and hypothetical results are not indicative of future results. Third-party data and AI-generated outputs may be incomplete or inaccurate.