StocksInsight

ZTS Stock vs the S&P 500: Returns, Risk and Crash History

Zoetis Inc., healthcare (market value $34.3 billion), an S&P 500 member: how it compared with the S&P 500, how it behaved in every crash since 2008, its risk‑adjusted returns and what analysts said. Returns to Oct 30, 2026; analyst data as of Nov 9, 2026.

Published Updated 4 min readHow we research

What changed since Nov 2

Exent re-checks this page every day. Ratings appear 30 days after they are published; the top‑ranked analysts’ calls are not counted here, they are in Gems.

35% Buy ratings (was 31%)4 4★+ analysts covering (was 2)

Key takeaways

  • ZTS returned −60.8% over the 5 years to Oct 30, 2026 versus +75.9% for the S&P 500: it lagged the index.
  • Its 5-year Sharpe ratio was −0.61 against 0.58 for the S&P 500.
  • Its deepest crisis drawdown was −37.7% in the 2022 inflation bear market (S&P 500: −25.4%).
  • Five‑year volatility was 29.3% and beta 0.67.
  • 17 analysts rated it in the past year; 35% of their latest calls were Buy.
  • ZTS beat earnings estimates in 9 of its last 12 reports; the stock moved 7.4% on average, up or down, around each report.

What do the best‑ranked analysts on ZTS say now? See it in Exent Gems →

Did ZTS beat the S&P 500?

Over the 5 years to Oct 30, 2026, Zoetis Inc. (ZTS) returned −60.8% including dividends, versus +75.9% for the S&P 500 (SPY). It lagged the index by 136.7 percentage points, or −17.1% a year against +12.0%.

PeriodZTSS&P 500ZTS per yearS&P 500 per yearResult
1 year−43.4%+12.0%−43.4%+12.0%Lagged
3 years−46.9%+87.4%−19.0%+23.3%Lagged
5 years−60.8%+75.9%−17.1%+12.0%Lagged
10 years+83.3%+316.3%+6.2%+15.3%Lagged
  • 1 year
    ZTS
    −43.4%
    S&P 500
    +12.0%
    ZTS per year
    −43.4%
    S&P 500 per year
    +12.0%
    Result
    Lagged
  • 3 years
    ZTS
    −46.9%
    S&P 500
    +87.4%
    ZTS per year
    −19.0%
    S&P 500 per year
    +23.3%
    Result
    Lagged
  • 5 years
    ZTS
    −60.8%
    S&P 500
    +75.9%
    ZTS per year
    −17.1%
    S&P 500 per year
    +12.0%
    Result
    Lagged
  • 10 years
    ZTS
    +83.3%
    S&P 500
    +316.3%
    ZTS per year
    +6.2%
    S&P 500 per year
    +15.3%
    Result
    Lagged

Total return with dividends reinvested, from month-end prices to Oct 30, 2026. Beating the index on raw return is only half the story: the next section adjusts for the risk taken. See also how to beat the S&P 500.

ZTS is in the S&P 500 (members as of Oct 20, 2026); the list shows every member’s return against the index.

What Wall Street analysts say about ZTS

In the 12 months to 30 days ago, 17 analysts published 151 ratings on ZTS. Their latest calls were 35% Buy, 65% Hold and 0% Sell. 4 of them rank 4★ or higher in Exent’s analyst scoring, which is based on each analyst’s past price‑target hit rate and returns.

The consensus 12‑month price target was $84.75 (range $74.00–$95.00), +2.8% from the last price. Remember that the average analyst’s target is hit only about half the time: how accurate are price targets?

Top‑ranked analyst coveringFirmStarsPrice‑target hit rate
??????4.9★63.3%
David WestenbergPiper Sandler4.8★53.3%
Steve ScalaTD Cowen4.6★46.9%
Chris SchottJ.P. Morgan4.6★49.4%

Other analysts covering ZTS: Matthew Dellatorre

Ratings are shown with a 30‑day delay. Who the top‑ranked analysts on ZTS are, their live calls and the median target of only the top‑rated analysts are in Exent Gems.

The average analyst’s target is reached about 53.1% of the time; Exent Gems is built on the top 50 of Exent’s ranking,where some reached 90% or more over the last two years. Unlock the top 50 analysts.

ZTS returns by year vs the S&P 500

ZTS beat the S&P 500 in 6 of the 9 full calendar years shown.

YearZTSS&P 500Difference
2026 (to Oct 30, 2026)−35.2%+11.7%−46.9%
2025−21.7%+17.7%−39.4%
2024−16.6%+24.9%−41.5%
2023+35.9%+26.2%+9.7%
2022−39.5%−18.2%−21.3%
2021+48.3%+28.7%+19.6%
2020+25.8%+18.3%+7.5%
2019+55.7%+31.2%+24.5%
2018+19.5%−4.6%+24.1%
2017+35.6%+21.7%+13.9%

ZTS risk-adjusted returns: Sharpe, Sortino and volatility

Over 5 years, ZTS had a Sharpe ratio of −0.61 against 0.58 for the S&P 500, so it earned less return per unit of risk than the index. Its annualized volatility was 29.0% and its beta 0.67: it tended to move about 0.7× as much as the market.

MetricZTSS&P 500
Annual return−17.1%+12.0%
Volatility (annualized)29.0%15.5%
Sharpe ratio−0.610.58
Sortino ratio−0.730.91
Max drawdown (month-end)−69.8%−23.9%
Beta to the S&P 5000.671.00

Sharpe divides return above cash by total volatility; Sortino counts only downside volatility. Both use monthly returns and the 1–3 month T‑bill ETF (BIL) as the risk‑free rate.

How ZTS behaved in past crashes

ZTS’s deepest fall in the crises below was −37.7% in the 2022 inflation bear market, against −25.4% for the S&P 500. The last column turns that into money: what a $100,000 position would have lost from peak to trough.

CrisisZTSS&P 500Loss on $100,000
2018 trade-war selloff−16.8%−20.2%−$16,780
COVID crash (Feb–Mar 2020)−35.7%−34.1%−$35,680
2022 inflation bear market−37.7%−25.4%−$37,710
2025 tariff selloff−15.9%−19.0%−$15,940
WindowZTS max drawdown
Last 1 year−55.7%
Last 3 years−61.8%
Last 5 years−68.5%
Last 10 years−53.1%

Peak‑to‑trough declines from daily prices inside each crisis window. A crash replay does not predict the next crisis; it shows how much room a holding needs. Run the same replay on a whole portfolio with the crash test.

What moves with ZTS, and what doesn’t

Correlation runs from −1 (moves opposite) to +1 (moves in lockstep). Over the last 60 months of monthly returns, ZTS’s correlation with the S&P 500 was 0.36, with the Nasdaq‑100 0.20, with long Treasuries (TLT) 0.43 and with gold (GLD) 0.15.

Adding a 5% ZTS position to an S&P 500 portfolio would have moved its 5‑year volatility from 15.5% to 15.3%.

Least correlated large capsCorrelationMost correlated large capsCorrelation
DELL−0.38LOW0.60
FTNT−0.25COST0.58
CRWD−0.23HD0.57
PANW−0.23ABT0.54
MU−0.21MRSH0.54

Holdings that are highly correlated behave like one position in a selloff. See how to find hidden overlap.

Latest ZTS upgrades, downgrades and price‑target changes

DateRating and targetAnalyst
Oct 19New coverage
Hold
Target $74
Matthew Dellatorre
Goldman Sachs
Oct 16New coverage
Hold
Target $74
Matthew Dellatorre
Goldman Sachs

Named analysts’ rating and price‑target changes on ZTS in the 5 weeks to Oct 12, 2026, shown 30 days after publication (the free analysts’ calls 3 days after). The top‑ranked analysts’ calls are in Exent Gems. See all of the latest analyst upgrades and downgrades.

Do analysts get ZTS right?

Of the 186 analyst price targets on ZTS set from 2019 until a year ago, 40.9% were reached within 12 months (data to Oct 20, 2026), 27.7 points below the 68.6% hit rate of the median stock in Exent’s study of 794 stocks. Targets that were reached took a median of 102 days. The median target sat 17.0% above the share price on the day it was set.

Where analysts said ZTS would be by now: a year ago, 6 analysts had a price target on ZTS, and the median of their latest targets was $167.50. On Oct 20, 2026 ZTS closed at $80.05, 52.2% below it.

40.9%of targets reached within 12 monthsMedian stock: 68.6%
102 daysmedian time to reach a target
−52.2%price now vs the median target set a year ago
AfterCallsMove on the call3 months vs S&P 500
Downgrades of ZTS8−0.9%−12.7%
Downgrades, all stocks10,700−3.0%−1.6%

The move on the call runs from the close before the rating change to the close after it; the last column is the stock’s return minus the S&P 500’s over the next three months. Averages of rating changes on ZTS through Sep 15, 2026; analysts are not named here. Do analyst upgrades move stocks?

How ZTS moves after earnings

ZTS beat the consensus earnings‑per‑share estimate in 9 of its last 12 quarterly reports, through the one on Aug 6, 2026, and the revenue estimate in 8 of 12. From the close before each report to the close after it, the stock moved 7.4% on average, up or down, against 6.8% for the average report across the 1,002 US stocks Exent tracks. It rose after 3 of the 12 reports. In 7 of the 9 beats the stock still fell.

9/12earnings beats
±7.4%average move per report
3/12reports followed by a rise
ReportEPS vs estimateRevenue vs estimateStock move
Aug 6, 2026$1.87 vs $1.85−1.3%−2.3%
May 7, 2026$1.53 vs $1.60−1.7%−25.5%
Feb 12, 2026$1.48 vs $1.40+1.1%−1.6%
Nov 4, 2025$1.70 vs $1.62−0.4%−16.5%
Aug 5, 2025$1.76 vs $1.62+2.1%−3.5%
May 6, 2025$1.48 vs $1.41+1.4%−1.3%
Feb 13, 2025$1.40 vs $1.37+0.9%−9.4%
Nov 4, 2024$1.58 vs $1.46+4.3%−3.7%

Reported earnings per share against the consensus estimate, revenue surprise in percent, and the stock’s price change over the two sessions around the report. How stocks move after earnings

Where ZTS’s revenue comes from

In fiscal 2025 (the year to Dec 31, 2025), ZTS’s largest reported region was the United States, with 54.5% of its $9.4 billion revenue. By region: United States 54.5%; International 45.5%.

By business, the largest segment was Horses, with 67.8% of $9.3 billion revenue (+4.8% on the year before).

  • United States54.5%
  • International45.5%
SegmentRevenueShareGrowth
Horses$6.3 billion67.8%+4.8%
Cattle$1.5 billion16.1%−2.5%
Swine$466.0 million5.0%−9.7%
Poultry$432.0 million4.7%−18.0%
Dogs and Cats$304.0 million3.3%+6.7%
Fish$286.0 million3.1%+18.2%

From ZTS’s annual filings; segment growth compares fiscal 2025 with the year before. Regions are as each company reports them, so one company’s “Asia Pacific” is not another’s. China counts the regions a company reports as China, Greater China or Hong Kong; a separately reported Taiwan is not counted. Which S&P 500 companies depend most on China?

Members of Congress who traded ZTS

As of Oct 20, 2026, 33 members of Congress had disclosed 130 trades in ZTS (61 buys and 69 sales) in STOCK Act disclosures filed with the House and Senate. The latest public trade is dated Jul 17, 2026.

Trade dateMemberTypeAmount
Jul 17, 2026Gilbert CisnerosSale$1,001–$15,000
Jul 7, 2026Ro KhannaBuy$1,001–$15,000
Jun 16, 2026Gilbert CisnerosBuy$1,001–$15,000
Jun 9, 2026Charles "Chuck" FleischmannBuy$15,001–$50,000
Jun 9, 2026Byron DonaldsBuy$1,001–$15,000
May 1, 2026Ro KhannaBuy$1,001–$15,000
Apr 14, 2026Gilbert CisnerosSale$1,001–$15,000
Mar 13, 2026Gilbert CisnerosSale$1,001–$15,000
Feb 10, 2026Gilbert CisnerosBuy$1,001–$15,000
Jan 29, 2026Ro KhannaSale$1,001–$15,000

Amounts are the ranges members report, not exact values. The STOCK Act gives members up to 45 days to disclose a trade, so trades appear weeks after they are made. See every member’s disclosed trades

4 trades in ZTS disclosed in the last 30 days are in Exent Radar.

Are ZTS insiders buying or selling?

In the 12 months to Oct 20, 2026, ZTS insiders made 3 open‑market purchases worth $886,367 by 3 insiders and 2 sales worth $2.5 million, according to SEC Form 4 filings.

After the 13 insider purchases of $10,000 or more since 2012, ZTS lagged the S&P 500 by an average of 14.2 percentage points over the next 12 months; 20% of them were followed by a beat. Across all 17,865 insider purchases in Exent’s study, the average was +17.2% and the median +1.0% against the index.

Q4 ’24
Q1 ’25
Q2 ’25
Q3 ’25
Q4 ’25
Q1 ’26
Q2 ’26
Q3 ’26
DateInsiderRoleValue
May 13, 2026Damelio Frank ADirector$501,344
May 13, 2026Bisaro PaulDirector$151,750
May 11, 2026Mccallister Michael BDirector$233,273
Feb 19, 2021Scully Robert WDirector$347,508
Jan 11, 2018Sanjay KhoslaDirector$746

The table lists the latest open‑market purchases on record, leaving out the last 30 days. The chart counts Form 4 purchases and sales by calendar quarter. Purchases are open‑market buys; sales include planned sales under 10b5‑1 trading plans. Do insider buys beat the market?

How much of ZTS is sold short?

As of the Sep 30, 2026 settlement date, 4.47% of ZTS’s float was sold short: 18.4 million shares, or 4.1 days of average trading volume to cover. A year earlier (Oct 15, 2025) it was 2.12%. The median across the 997 US stocks Exent tracks was 4.77%, so ZTS is less heavily shorted than most.

  • Apr 30, 20263.59%
  • May 29, 20263.26%
  • Jun 30, 20263.86%
  • Jul 31, 20265.18%
  • Aug 31, 20264.71%
  • Sep 30, 20264.47%

From FINRA short‑interest reports, filed twice a month; the bars show the short share of the float at each month‑end. Days to cover divides the shares short by the average daily volume. The most shorted stocks

How many institutions own ZTS?

At the end of Q2 2026 (Jun 30, 2026), 1,493 institutions reported holding ZTS in 13F filings, down 177 from the quarter before and down from 1,929 a year earlier. Their reported holdings add up to 95.1% of ZTS’s shares. In the quarter 683 institutions added to their positions and 606 cut them.

1,49313F holders
173new positions
352positions closed
95.1%of shares held by 13F filers

Investment managers with over $100 million in US equities file 13F reports within 45 days of each quarter end, so this is the latest complete quarter. Holdings can add up to more than 100% when shares are lent and counted twice. Which stocks institutions are buying and selling

Is ZTS diluting shareholders?

ZTS’s diluted share count fell 7.3% over the five fiscal years to fiscal 2025 and fell 2.4% in fiscal 2025 alone. Each share now owns a larger slice of the company. The median change across the 1,005 US stocks Exent tracks was −0.1%.

Stock‑based compensation was $83.0 million in fiscal 2025, 0.9% of revenue. ZTS spent $3.2 billion buying back shares, a buyback yield of 9.98% of its market value; stock pay equaled 2.6% of the buybacks.

−2.4%share count, 1 year
−7.3%share count, 5 years
0.9%stock pay as % of revenue
9.98%buyback yield

Weighted‑average diluted shares from ZTS’s annual income statements; stock‑based compensation and buybacks from its cash‑flow statement. Stock dilution and stock‑based compensation, explained

ZTS financial health scores

In Exent’s Oct 20, 2026 snapshot, ZTS’s Altman Z‑score was 4.76, in the safe zone (where 465 of the 794 non‑financial US stocks Exent tracks sit). Its Piotroski F‑score was 7 out of 9; 40% of scored stocks reach 7 or more.

4.76Altman Z‑score: safe zone
7/9Piotroski F‑score

The Altman Z‑score combines five balance‑sheet and earnings ratios into one bankruptcy‑risk score: below 1.81 is the distress zone, 1.81–2.99 grey, above 2.99 safe. It is not meaningful for banks, insurers and REITs. The Piotroski F‑score counts nine yes/no tests of profitability, leverage and efficiency; 8–9 is strong, 0–2 weak. Both come from the latest annual statements. Which stocks have the highest bankruptcy risk?

What ZTS talks about on earnings calls

On its latest earnings call (Aug 6, 2026), ZTS’s executives and analysts did not mention AI, against 1 on the call before (May 7, 2026); the average across 455 S&P 500 calls that quarter was 12.9. Tariffs and recession did not come up.

MentionsAug ’26May ’26Feb ’26Nov ’25
AI0120
AI agents0000
Data centers0000
Tariffs0001
China0100
Recession0000
  • AI
    Aug ’26
    0
    May ’26
    1
    Feb ’26
    2
    Nov ’25
    0
  • AI agents
    Aug ’26
    0
    May ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Nov ’25
    0
  • Data centers
    Aug ’26
    0
    May ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Nov ’25
    0
  • Tariffs
    Aug ’26
    0
    May ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Nov ’25
    1
  • China
    Aug ’26
    0
    May ’26
    1
    Feb ’26
    0
    Nov ’25
    0
  • Recession
    Aug ’26
    0
    May ’26
    0
    Feb ’26
    0
    Nov ’25
    0

Word counts in the full transcript of each call, prepared remarks and Q&A, newest first. “AI” also counts generative AI and large language models; “AI agents” counts agentic AI. Which companies talk most about AI?

Which ETFs hold ZTS?

As of Oct 20, 2026, 61 of the 304 ETFs Exent tracks held ZTS. Its largest weight is in MOO (VanEck Agribusiness ETF), at 6.48% of the fund.

ETFFundWeight of ZTS
MOOVanEck Agribusiness ETF6.48%
IHEiShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF4.95%
FTXHFirst Trust Nasdaq Pharmaceuticals ETF3.68%
FXHFirst Trust Health Care AlphaDEX Fund2.14%
DSTLDistillate U.S. Fundamental Stability & Value ETF1.04%
IWPiShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF0.78%
COWZPacer US Cash Cows 100 ETF0.58%
XLVState Street Health Care Select Sector SPDR ETF0.52%

Owning several of these funds stacks the same position. How much do VOO, QQQ and VTI overlap?

How much is ZTS’s CEO paid?

Kristin C. Peck, ZTS’s Chief Executive Officer, received total pay of $17.2 million for fiscal 2024, up 12.9% from $15.2 million for fiscal 2023, according to the company’s proxy statement filed with the SEC on Apr 9, 2025. 74% of it came as stock and option awards, valued when they were granted rather than when they pay out. The median CEO pay across the 378 S&P 500 companies Exent tracks was $17.2 million, so ZTS’s CEO earned less than most.

Pay componentAmountShare of total
Salary$1.3 million7.6%
Stock and option awards$12.7 million74.1%
Incentive plan (cash)$2.7 million15.9%
Other$426,9132.5%
Other top executivesRoleTotal pay, 2024
Wetteny JosephExecutive Vice President (“EVP”) and Chief Financial Officer$5.1 million
Heidi C. ChenFormer EVP, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary; Business Lead of Human Health Diagnostics$3.6 million
Jamie BrannanEVP and Chief Commercial Officer$3.0 million
Robert J. PolzerEVP and President of Research and Development$3.0 million

Figures from the summary compensation table of the proxy statement; awards count at their grant‑date value, so one large multi‑year grant can make a single year stand out. CEO pay across the S&P 500

The right benchmark for ZTS

Exent matches every holding to the index with the most similar risk. For ZTS that is SPY (the S&P 500). Comparing a holding with an index that carries very different risk makes good results look bad and risky ones look clever. Read why the S&P 500 is the wrong benchmark for most portfolios.

Other healthcare stocks

TickerName5‑year returnVolatility (5y)
LLYEli Lilly and Company+482.3%32.6%
JNJJohnson & Johnson+92.9%16.8%
ABBVAbbVie Inc.+207.1%23.5%
UNHUnitedHealth Group Incorporated−3.3%32.7%
MRKMerck & Co., Inc.+97.8%23.6%
TMOThermo Fisher Scientific Inc.+11.7%27.0%
AMGNAmgen Inc.+163.1%24.9%
GILDGilead Sciences, Inc.+214.3%24.8%

Data and methodology

Returns are total returns from month‑end adjusted closing prices (dividends reinvested) through Oct 30, 2026. Crisis drawdowns and trailing maximum drawdowns use daily prices. Analyst coverage counts ratings published in the last 12 months, shown with a 30‑day delay. Full method: Exent methodology.

Company data as of Oct 20, 2026. The move around an earnings report runs from the close before it to the close after it; a price target counts as hit when the stock closed at or beyond it within 12 months (Exent analyst data). Revenue by region and segment, share counts and executive pay come from company filings; insider trades from SEC Form 4, short interest from FINRA, institutional ownership from 13F filings, Congress trades from STOCK Act disclosures filed with the House and Senate, federal contracts from USAspending.gov. Filings from the last 30 days are shown as counts only.

Past performance does not guarantee future results. Historical figures are calculated by Exent from market data and are for education only; they are not investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security.

Check ZTS with Exent Gems

Wall Street’s average ZTS price target is 2.8% above the latest share price. See what the best‑ranked analysts on ZTS say now in Exent Gems.

  1. Exent ranks Wall Street analysts by their past price‑target hit rate and returns, and keeps the best‑ranked few.
  2. Gems shows who the top‑ranked analysts covering ZTS are, their live calls and the median target of only the top‑rated analysts.
  3. Gems flags the stocks where several top‑ranked analysts agree: a starting point for your own research, not a promise.

Exent is our product. Educational content, not investment advice.

Frequently asked questions

No. ZTS returned +83.3% (+6.2% a year) over the 10 years to Oct 30, 2026, versus +316.3% (+15.3% a year) for the S&P 500, including dividends.

Yes. As of Oct 20, 2026, ZTS (Zoetis Inc.) is one of the 503 stocks in the S&P 500.

ZTS fell −35.7% from peak to trough during the covid crash (feb–mar 2020), versus −34.1% for the S&P 500.

ZTS fell −37.7% from peak to trough during the 2022 inflation bear market, versus −25.4% for the S&P 500.

Over the 5 years to Oct 30, 2026, ZTS’s Sharpe ratio was −0.61 and its Sortino ratio −0.73, versus 0.58 and 0.91 for the S&P 500.

ZTS’s 5‑year annualized volatility was 29.3%, higher than the S&P 500’s 17.0%, with a beta of 0.67.

Among large US stocks, the lowest correlations with ZTS over the last 60 months were DELL (−0.38), FTNT (−0.25), CRWD (−0.23). Its correlation with long Treasuries (TLT) was 0.43 and with gold (GLD) 0.15.

ZTS beat the consensus earnings-per-share estimate in 9 of its last 12 quarterly reports through Aug 6, 2026, and the revenue estimate in 8 of 12. The stock moved 7.4% on average, up or down, from the close before each report to the close after it.

Kristin C. Peck, ZTS’s Chief Executive Officer, received $17.2 million in total pay for fiscal 2024, including a $1.3 million salary and $12.7 million in stock and option awards valued at grant, according to the proxy statement filed with the SEC on Apr 9, 2025. The median S&P 500 CEO received $17.2 million.

Yes. As of Oct 20, 2026, 33 members of Congress had disclosed 130 trades in ZTS (61 buys and 69 sales) in STOCK Act disclosures filed with the House and Senate.

As of the Sep 30, 2026 settlement date, 4.47% of ZTS’s float was sold short (18.4 million shares, 4.1 days to cover), according to FINRA short-interest reports. A year earlier it was 2.12%.

No. ZTS’s diluted share count fell 7.3% over the five fiscal years to fiscal 2025 and fell 2.4% in the latest year. Stock-based compensation was 0.9% of revenue, and buybacks totaled $3.2 billion.

What do the best‑ranked analysts say on ZTS now?

Exent ranks Wall Street analysts by their track record. Gems shows who the top‑ranked analysts on ZTS are, their latest calls and the stocks where several of them agree.

See this week’s GemsLimited offer$1.95 for full access· full access

Educational content, not investment advice. Examples are illustrative; past performance does not guarantee future results.

DISCLAIMER: Exent AI is an informational research platform and does not provide investment advice, financial advice, or act as an investment adviser, broker-dealer, or fiduciary. All content, analytics, and model outputs are provided for educational and informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any financial instrument. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Exent AI does not execute trades, hold customer funds, or provide brokerage services. Past performance and hypothetical results are not indicative of future results. Third-party data and AI-generated outputs may be incomplete or inaccurate.